Fairmount Park Bridge. This bridge was designed by Charles
Ellet, and opened across the Schuylkill River in Philadelphia in
1842. It was the first successful wire suspension bridge erected
in the United States. Ellet designed the structure with the assistance
of John Roebling, but the two disagreed over the type of wire cables
to be used, and Ellet completed the bridge by himself.
Niagara Falls Bridge. Several bridges have spanned the Niagara
River just below the famous Falls, connecting the cities of Niagara
Falls, N.Y., and Niagara Falls, Ont. The first was a wooden suspension
bridge, designed and built by Charles Ellet.* Construction began
in 1847, after a kite was used to bring the first line across the
river. The bridge was opened to traffic in August 1848. The 8-foot
wide bridge was suspended from four cables which were supported
by two eighty-foot wooden towers on each side of the river. The
second, a suspension bridge designed both for railroad and carriage
traffic, was begun in September 1852 and opened use in March 1855.
It was designed and constructed by John A. Roebling.* The bridge
had a span of 821 feet, 4 inches, and a median elevation above the
river of 245 feet. Two sixty-foot towers on either side of the river
supported the four cables from which the bridge was suspended. This
bridge was renovated in 1886 to enable it to supported heavier rail
traffic. The third bridge, a steel arch bridge, was designed by
the man who had supervised the renovation of Roebling's bridge,
Leffert Lefferts Buck.* This bridge, a steel arch structure, was
completed in 1897 and is still in use.
Pecos River Bridge. The 1892 high bridge, replace an earlier
bridge downriver, and was meant to shorten the rail line operated
by the Southern Pacific Railroad. It was built by the Phoenix Bridge
Company of Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, and was of the metal viaduct
style with cantilever center sections. It was supported by twenty-four
towers and had a total length of 2,180 feet. The rails stood 321
feet above the river. The bridge was thus the highest railroad bridge
in North America and the third highest in the world . It was reinforced
several times and finally replaced at the time of World War II when
a stronger structure was needed.
Wheeling Suspension Bridge. The original Wheeling Suspension
Bridge over the Ohio River in West Virginia was designed by Charles
Ellet*, Jr. and was completed in 1849, and had a span of 1010 feet,
for several years the longest clear span in the world. The bridge
deck was suspended by twelve iron cables. In 1854 the bridge collapsed
in a wind storm, and was reconstructed in 1859. At that time the
timber trusses were reinforced with cast iron joint fittings and
wrought iron vertical tension rods. In 1872, auxiliary stay cables
were added by Washington Roebling.* Other modernizations were completed
in the 20th century and the bridge remains in use.